Overview

Learn what a deviated septum is, how it can affect nasal airflow, its common symptoms and causes, and when evaluation by an ENT specialist may be appropriate.

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Deviated Septum - Overview

A deviated septum, also known as nasal septum deviation, occurs when the wall of cartilage and bone separating the two nasal passages is displaced to one side. Many people have some degree of septal deviation without experiencing symptoms. When the deviation significantly narrows one or both nasal passages, however, it may reduce airflow and cause persistent nasal congestion, difficulty breathing through the nose, frequent nosebleeds, or noisy breathing during sleep. Symptoms may become more noticeable during colds or allergy episodes because the tissues inside the nose can swell.

A deviated nasal septum may be present from birth, develop following an injury to the nose, or become more noticeable over time. Because nasal obstruction can have several possible causes, diagnosis should be made by a healthcare professional, usually an ear, nose, and throat specialist. The evaluation may include a review of symptoms, an examination of the inside of the nose, and, when necessary, nasal endoscopy.

Not every deviated septum requires treatment. Mild symptoms may sometimes be managed with medications that reduce swelling caused by allergies or inflammation, although these treatments do not straighten the septum itself. When structural obstruction causes ongoing breathing difficulties or significantly affects sleep and quality of life, septoplasty may be considered to reshape or reposition the nasal septum. The most appropriate treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, examination findings, general health, and specialist recommendations.

This overview covers the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options associated with a deviated septum, helping patients understand when professional evaluation may be beneficial.